Urban-rural differences in factors associated with incomplete basic immunization among children in Indonesia: A nationwide multilevel study

BackgroundIdentifying risk factors of incomplete immunization among children is crucial to developing relevant policies improve coverage. In this study, we investigated associated with in Indonesia and elucidated differences between urban rural areas.MethodsThe data came from a national-wide survey, the 2017 Demographic Health Surveys. total, 3264 aged 12–23 months were included study. An status was defined as child who did not complete ten doses basic vaccinations, consisting one dose bacille Calmette-Guérin, hepatitis B, three pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hemophilus influenza type B vaccine), four polio vaccine, measles vaccine. Generalized linear mixed models constructed examine effects different levels on status. We further conducted stratified analyses by areas.ResultsAbout 40% incompletely immunized, whom 45.3% areas 54.7% areas. Eight 34 provinces had rates exceeding 50%, Papua Maluku regions highest immunization. The multivariate showed that when women attended fewer than antenatal care sessions resided outside Nusa Tenggara region, their more likely have both On other hand, having no health insurance positively areas, whereas received tetanus vaccination during pregnancy negatively areas.ConclusionsResults study suggest tailored interventions should be developed address significant Identifying About Results